shell/k8s/k8s.md

k8s环境安装 - Debian 12

快速环境准备

cat <<'EOF' > k8s-prep.sh
#!/bin/bash
set -e

# 禁用swap
swapoff -a
sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab

# 配置内核模块和参数
cat <<MODULES > /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
MODULES

modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter

cat <<SYSCTL > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
SYSCTL

sysctl --system

apt update && apt install -y curl wget lsof gnupg
echo "系统准备完成"
EOF

chmod +x k8s-prep.sh
sudo ./k8s-prep.sh

安装容器运行时 (containerd)

# 安装containerd
mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list

apt update && apt install -y containerd.io

# 配置containerd
mkdir -p /etc/containerd
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup = false/SystemdCgroup = true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml

systemctl restart containerd
systemctl enable containerd

安装Kubernetes组件

# 添加K8s官方仓库
mkdir -p -m 755 /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/deb/Release.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg

echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/deb/ /' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

# 安装K8s组件
apt update && apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

systemctl enable --now kubelet

---

---

---

初始化集群（控制平面）

编辑/etc/containerd/config.toml文件

去掉或注释这一行：

disabled_plugins = ["cri"]

重启containerd服务

systemctl restart containerd

初始化集群 (替换YOUR_IP为实际网口IP)

查看IP

hostname -I

kubeadm init \
  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
  --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
  --apiserver-advertise-address=YOUR_IP

等待拉取镜像完成

安装网络插件 (Flannel)

kubectl apply -f https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/latest/download/kube-flannel.yml

# 等待网络插件就绪
kubectl wait --for=condition=ready pod -l app=flannel -n kube-flannel --timeout=300s

安装Helm

# 安装Helm
curl https://baltocdn.com/helm/signing.asc | gpg --dearmor | tee /usr/share/keyrings/helm.gpg > /dev/null
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/helm.gpg] https://baltocdn.com/helm/stable/debian/ all main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/helm-stable-debian.list

apt update && apt install -y helm

# 验证Helm安装
helm version

安装cert-manager

cert-manager是生产环境必需的TLS证书管理工具：

# 添加cert-manager Helm仓库
helm repo add jetstack https://charts.jetstack.io
helm repo update

# 创建cert-manager命名空间
kubectl create namespace cert-manager

# 安装cert-manager (包含CRDs)
helm install cert-manager jetstack/cert-manager \
  --namespace cert-manager \
  --version v1.18.2 \
  --set crds.enabled=true \
  --set global.leaderElection.namespace=cert-manager

# 验证cert-manager安装
kubectl wait --for=condition=ready pod -l app.kubernetes.io/instance=cert-manager -n cert-manager --timeout=300s
kubectl get pods -n cert-manager

配置Let's Encrypt证书颁发者

创建生产环境ClusterIssuer

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: cert-manager.io/v1
kind: ClusterIssuer
metadata:
  name: letsencrypt-prod
spec:
  acme:
    server: https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
    email: your-email@example.com  # 替换为你的邮箱
    privateKeySecretRef:
      name: letsencrypt-prod
    solvers:
    - http01:
        ingress:
          class: nginx
EOF

常用操作命令

# 查看集群状态
kubectl cluster-info
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods -A

# 查看证书状态
kubectl get certificates -A
kubectl describe certificate <cert-name>

# 查看Ingress
kubectl get ingress -A

# 重启部署
kubectl rollout restart deployment/<deployment-name>

# 查看资源使用
kubectl top nodes
kubectl top pods -A